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When it comes to PCB assembly the surface finish you use is a very critical part of your circuit board. Because PCBs generally have finishes made of copper they need to be protected so that the copper does not oxidize leading to its deterioration. This would make your circuit board useless as it is rendered unusable. The finish that you select will need to take two things into consideration:

• It’s ability to protect the copper circuitry that is exposed for long time
• Shelf life before Assembly
• It’s ability to handle soldering which is used when assembling the various components that usually go onto the circuit board.

If the material cannot handle any of these, then it is not a suitable finishing for PCB fabrication. There are several finishes that one can consider:

• HASL – it is generally low cost, re-workable, readily available and has plenty of shelf life.
• Immersion tin – It is also re-workable, provides a flat surface, has no lead and if you are using press fit pins then this is the best option.
• Organic solderability preservative (OSP) – no lead, can be re-worked, has a flat surface, is simple to use and very cost effective but has short shelf life before assembly
• ENIG – has no lead, provides a flat surface, has a great shelf life and is a great choice for fine pitch SMT and BGA assembly.
• Hard Gold – This provides a hard surface that is very durable, it contains no lead and also has a great shelf life.